LDL

Among all lipoproteins, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the most harmful to health. Excessive LDL can trigger inflammatory responses, and when oxidized LDL is engulfed by macrophages, it leads to the formation of fatty plaques in blood vessels. These plaques contribute to the development of atherosclerosis in the arteries of the heart or brain. The buildup of fatty plaques can restrict blood flow and increase blood pressure, ultimately preventing adequate blood supply to the heart or brain, which may result in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as heart failure or stroke.

sdLDL

Compared to large, buoyant low-density lipoproteins, small, dense LDL particles remain in the bloodstream for a longer period, making them more likely to adhere to the vascular endothelium and undergo oxidation. Oxidized small, dense LDL is more likely to contribute to the development of heart disease. Therefore, small, dense LDL can serve as an important risk factor for predicting cardiovascular disease and as a valuable target for monitoring and evaluating treatment.

TRLs

This refers to very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), remnant very-low-density lipoproteins (rVLDL), and intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol (IDL-C). Lipoproteins and their remnants that are rich in triglycerides are indicators of disrupted lipid metabolism in the body. These lipoproteins are believed to be associated with arterial wall thickening (atherosclerosis) and can promote the formation of foam cells and accelerate the development of fatty plaques.

Cardiovascular Disease

There is a strong connection between cardiovascular health and both genetic predisposition and environmental factors, including lifestyle choices such as diet and physical activity. Traditional lipid markers, such as abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels, account for only about 50% of cardiovascular disease cases. In light of this, improving clinical diagnostic tools is essential for accurately identifying an individual's cardiovascular risk. LDL subfraction analysis, which employs innovative analytical methods and technologies, can provide valuable insights for personalized health management plans—for both you and your clients—enabling timely preventive interventions to reduce or eliminate multiple cardiovascular risk factors.

 

Possible Complications of LDL Subfraction
Poor dietary habits	Dyslipidemia
Obesity	Artery disease
Heart disease

The important information provided by LDL Subfraction is as follows

• Cholesterol
  Blood cholesterol is a major contributor to atherosclerosis, leading to coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular occlusion. Both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides are strongly associated with vascular blockages.
• Triglycerides
  Triglycerides are not only associated with cardiovascular disease, but chronically elevated levels can also lead to insulin resistance, impairing glucose utilization and eventually resulting in diabetes.
• Large-buoyant LDL
  In addition to the traditional concentration measurements, the density and particle size of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) have also become key focuses in recent academic research. At the same concentration, large, buoyant LDL particles are considered to increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Let me know if you'd like any further adjustments or if this is part of a larger document!
• Small-dense LDL
  This type of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) carries a higher risk of atherosclerosis and is more likely to trigger subsequent cardiovascular diseases. Current research shows that excessive levels of LDL are the primary cause of the increase in small, dense LDL particles.