Vascular endothelial cells

Vascular endothelial cells play a protective role in blood vessels, such as regulating vasodilation, inhibiting the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and suppressing inflammatory responses. These functions are largely associated with nitric oxide (NO), as an appropriate amount of NO acts as an endogenous vasodilator. A lack of NO can lead to endothelial dysfunction, which is an early indicator of atherosclerosis. Therefore, maintaining the proper function of vascular endothelial cells is a crucial factor in preventing cardiovascular diseases.

Homocysteine 

Homocysteine it is an important indicator for assessing the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Chronic hyperhomocysteinemia can lead to vascular stiffness, damage to the blood vessel walls, and the formation of blood clots, resulting in stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis in the legs. Adequate intake of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folic acid can help metabolize homocysteine and lower its concentration. Homocysteine can be metabolized and reduced through participation in methylation reactions in the body. There are two pathways for its involvement in the methylation cycle: the long pathway, where homocysteine is converted into methionine under the catalysis of B12, zinc, and 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF); and the short pathway, where it is converted by the enzyme BHMT under the catalysis of zinc and phosphatidylserine.

NO

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in the prevention and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Its protective effects on the cardiovascular system include regulating blood pressure and vascular tone, inhibiting platelet aggregation and leukocyte adhesion to the vessel walls, and preventing the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. The production of NO requires the support of the methylation cycle and is closely linked to the urea cycle.

TMAO

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been identified in research as an important biomarker for cardiovascular disease risk and is also considered one of the key contributors to myocardial infarction. Maintaining a balanced gut microbiota is closely linked to cardiovascular health management.

Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease is closely associated with both genetic predisposition and environmental factors, including lifestyle habits such as diet and exercise. In light of this, improving clinical diagnostic tools is essential for accurately identifying cardiovascular risk. Vascular endothelial function assessment, which integrates both traditional and innovative analytical techniques, can provide valuable insights for personalized health management plans for you and your clients. This enables timely preventive interventions to reduce or eliminate multiple cardiovascular risk factors.

Possible Complications of Endothelial-META®
Heart disease	Hypertension
Atherosclerosis	Stroke

The important information provided by Endothelial-META^® is as follows

• Assessment of Vascular Wall Integrity
  The body's blood vessels are lined with endothelial cells, and dysfunction of these cells can lead to vascular diseases and the development of atherosclerosis. In patients with diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease, endothelial cell damage is commonly observed.
• Vitamin B12, Folate
  It is an essential vitamin for the metabolism of homocysteine. Homocysteine is an important biomarker for assessing the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
• Inactive folic acid
  Excess synthetic folic acid that cannot be utilized by the body may accumulate in the form of inactive folic acid. Some studies suggest that inactive folic acid may increase the risk of certain types of cancer.
• Assessment of Vascular Elasticity Function
  The vascular elasticity function is assessed by analyzing substances related to the production of nitric oxide (NO). Impaired urea cycle function can lead to the accumulation of ammonia in the body, resulting in hyperammonemia.
• SDMA & ADMA
  Endogenous substances such as SDMA inhibit the role of arginine in the urea cycle, while ADMA inhibits eNOS activity, thereby reducing the production of nitric oxide (NO) in endothelial cells. When heavy metals accumulate in the body, they suppress eNOS activity, leading to a decrease in the production of endothelial NO.
• TMAO
  When the body consumes excessive amounts of carnitine or choline, and the digestive system is unable to fully digest or absorb them, they may be utilized by gut bacteria to produce trimethylamine (TMA). TMA then enters the liver, where it is converted into trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) through enzymatic action. An imbalance in the gut microbiota may lead to elevated TMAO levels, contributing to the development of cardiovascular-related diseases.